{ "company_id": "STARCEMENT", "company_name": "Star Cement Limited", "cin": "L26942ML2001PLC006663", "isin": null, "nse_code": "STARCEMENT", "bse_code": "540575", "fy": "2024-25", "vintage_date": "2026-05-27", "registered_office_state": "Meghalaya", "primary_listing": "NSE/BSE", "brsr_source": { "primary_source_url": "https://www.starcement.co.in/pdf/stock-exchange-update/IntimationofBRSR.pdf", "primary_source_type": "standalone_brsr_pdf", "evidence_cache_path": "scripts/primary-source/evidence/starcement-co-in/pdf-stock-exchange-update-intimationofbrsr-pdf/2026-05-27T04-14-27-674Z", "brsr_pages": "117-165", "fetched_date": "2026-05-27", "fetched_via": "direct", "secondary_validation_source": null }, "identity": { "incorporated_year": 2001, "primary_business": "Cement & Cement Products", "nic_2_digit": "23", "nic_5_digit": "23941", "nse_industry": "Construction Materials", "promoter_group": "Cementho Group (Sajjan Bhajanka family)", "market_cap_inr_cr_31_mar_2025": null, "market_cap_rank_31_mar_2025": null, "is_top_150_brsr_core_assurance_fy_2324": false, "is_top_250_brsr_core_assurance_fy_2425": false, "is_top_500_brsr_core_assurance_fy_2526_planned": null, "subsidiaries_count": 6, "joint_ventures_count": 0, "associates_count": 0, "reporting_boundary": "Consolidated", "chairman_md": "Sajjan Bhajanka (DIN: 00246043)" }, "operations": { "revenue_from_operations_inr_cr": 3173.96, "revenue_from_operations_source_page": "119 (Turnover H3,17,396.13 lakhs)", "turnover_inr_cr": 3173.96, "net_worth_inr_cr": 2878.94, "total_assets_inr_cr": null, "plants_count": 7, "plants_list": [ { "location_state": "Meghalaya", "type": "Integrated Cement Plant", "name": "SCL Lumshnong" }, { "location_state": "Assam", "type": "Grinding Unit", "name": "SCL Guwahati" }, { "location_state": "West Bengal", "type": "Grinding Unit", "name": "SCL Siliguri" }, { "location_state": "Meghalaya", "type": "Plant (SCML)", "name": "SCML Meghalaya Plant 1" }, { "location_state": "Meghalaya", "type": "Plant (SCML)", "name": "SCML Meghalaya Plant 2" }, { "location_state": "Meghalaya", "type": "Plant (SCML)", "name": "SCML Meghalaya Plant 3" }, { "location_state": "Assam", "type": "Plant (SCNEL)", "name": "SCNEL Assam" } ], "branches_count": 15, "states_with_operations": [ "Assam", "Arunachal Pradesh", "Bihar", "Manipur", "Meghalaya", "Mizoram", "Nagaland", "Sikkim", "Tripura", "West Bengal" ], "international_operations": true, "international_operations_countries_office_only": 1, "exports_share_of_turnover_pct": 0.17 }, "workforce": { "employees_permanent_male": 1351, "employees_permanent_female": 98, "employees_other_male": 418, "employees_other_female": 103, "workers_permanent_male": 699, "workers_permanent_female": 126, "workers_other_male": 1520, "workers_other_female": 66, "differently_abled_employees": 0, "differently_abled_workers": 0, "median_remuneration_male_employees_inr_lakh": 7.0134, "median_remuneration_female_employees_inr_lakh": 3.9282, "median_remuneration_male_workers_inr_lakh": 3.26832, "median_remuneration_female_workers_inr_lakh": 2.29512, "median_remuneration_ratio_female_to_male_employees": 0.56, "turnover_rate_employees_pct": 19.0, "turnover_rate_workers_pct": 2.0, "wages_above_minimum_wage_pct": 100.0, "calculated_total_workforce": 4381, "calculated_female_workforce_share_pct": 9.66, "calculated_permanent_workforce": 2274, "calculated_female_permanent_share_pct": 9.85, "union_membership_pct": 0.0, "women_on_board_count": 2, "women_on_board_share_pct": 13.33, "women_in_kmp_count": 0, "women_in_kmp_share_pct": 0.0 }, "wellbeing_social": { "wellbeing_spend_inr_cr": null, "wellbeing_spend_as_pct_revenue": 0.08, "wellbeing_spend_source_page": "140", "insurance_health_coverage_pct_employees": 100.0, "insurance_accident_coverage_pct_employees": 100.0, "insurance_health_coverage_pct_workers": 100.0, "insurance_accident_coverage_pct_workers": 100.0, "maternity_benefits_coverage": "Yes", "paternity_benefits_coverage": "Yes", "day_care_facility_coverage": "No", "complaints_posh_received": 0, "complaints_posh_pending_at_year_end": 0, "complaints_child_labour_received": 0, "complaints_forced_labour_received": 0, "complaints_discrimination_received": 0, "complaints_wages_received": 0, "complaints_other_human_rights_received": 0, "complaints_customer_received": 303, "complaints_shareholder_received": 0, "training_hours_on_human_rights_pct_workforce": 100.0, "training_on_health_safety_pct_employees": 60.0, "training_on_skill_upgradation_pct_employees": 60.0 }, "environment_principle_6": { "energy": { "total_energy_consumption_tj": 12308, "non_renewable_energy_tj": 10412, "renewable_energy_tj": 1896, "renewable_share_pct": 15.41, "energy_intensity_per_inr_lakh_turnover_tj": 0.039, "energy_intensity_per_mt_cementitious_tj": 0.003, "energy_intensity_per_inr_lakh_turnover_ppp_tj": 0.801, "renewable_electricity_tj": 264, "renewable_fuel_tj": 1632, "non_renewable_electricity_tj": 395, "non_renewable_fuel_tj": 10017, "pat_scheme_designated_consumer": true, "pat_scheme_targets_achieved": true, "external_assurance_obtained": false }, "ghg_emissions": { "scope_1_tco2e": 2633230, "scope_2_location_based_tco2e": 111400, "scope_2_market_based_tco2e": null, "scope_1_2_intensity_per_inr_lakh_turnover_tco2e": 8.65, "scope_1_2_intensity_per_inr_lakh_ppp_tco2e": 178.65, "scope_1_2_intensity_per_mt_cementitious_tco2e": 0.58, "scope_3_disclosed": false, "scope_3_total_tco2e": null, "scope_3_note": "SCL will explore scope of estimating Scope 3 emissions in future.", "ghg_methodology": null, "ghg_assurance_provider": null, "ghg_assurance_level": null, "external_assurance_obtained": false, "calculated_total_scope_1_2_tco2e": 2744630 }, "water": { "water_withdrawal_kl": 1265735, "water_consumption_kl": 1265735, "water_discharge_kl": 0, "water_recycled_kl": null, "water_withdrawal_surface_kl": 310313, "water_withdrawal_ground_kl": 506039, "water_withdrawal_third_party_kl": 0, "water_withdrawal_harvested_rainwater_kl": 449383, "water_intensity_kl_per_inr_lakh_turnover": 3.99, "water_intensity_kl_per_mt_cementitious": 0.27, "water_stressed_areas_operations": false, "zero_liquid_discharge_implemented": true, "water_positive_target_status": "1.47x against 2x target", "external_assurance_obtained": false }, "air_emissions": { "nox_total_mt_annum": 998, "sox_total_mt_annum": 1560, "particulate_matter_total_mt_annum": 385, "voc_mt_annum": null, "pop_mt_annum": null, "hap_mt_annum": null, "external_assurance_obtained": false }, "waste": { "waste_total_tonnes": 4055.11, "waste_plastic_tonnes": 2261.13, "waste_e_waste_tonnes": 1.79, "waste_bio_medical_tonnes": 0.01, "waste_construction_demolition_tonnes": 0, "waste_battery_tonnes": 5.89, "waste_other_hazardous_tonnes": 212.09, "waste_other_non_hazardous_tonnes": 1574.2, "waste_recovered_recycled_tonnes": 2262.92, "waste_recovered_share_pct": 55.81, "waste_disposed_tonnes": 1792.19, "waste_disposed_incineration_tonnes": 0.01, "waste_disposed_landfilling_tonnes": 0, "waste_disposed_other_tonnes": 1792.18 }, "biodiversity": { "operations_in_protected_areas": false, "biodiversity_management_plan_published": true, "ecologically_sensitive_area_compliance_issues": false }, "compliance": { "non_compliance_with_environmental_laws_events": 1, "environmental_penalty_inr_lakh": 10.0, "environmental_penalty_note": "Compounding fee H10 Lakhs paid to Regional Controller of Mines (IBM Guwahati) for contravention of Rule 11(1) of MCDR, 2017 (Principle 6). Case disposed off." } }, "brsr_core_9_attributes": { "ghg_emission_intensity_per_revenue_tco2e_per_inr_lakh": 8.65, "ghg_emission_intensity_per_revenue_assurance_status": "None", "energy_footprint_per_revenue_tj_per_inr_lakh": 0.039, "energy_footprint_assurance_status": "None", "water_footprint_per_revenue_kl_per_inr_lakh": 3.99, "water_footprint_assurance_status": "None", "job_creation_in_smaller_towns_pct_wages_rural_plus_semi_urban": 51.0, "job_creation_in_smaller_towns_pct_wages_rural": 0.0, "job_creation_in_smaller_towns_pct_wages_semi_urban": 51.0, "job_creation_in_smaller_towns_pct_wages_urban": 9.0, "job_creation_in_smaller_towns_pct_wages_metropolitan": 40.0, "job_creation_smaller_towns_assurance_status": "None", "spend_on_wellbeing_pct_revenue": 0.08, "ltifr_per_million_person_hours_employees": 0.0, "ltifr_per_million_person_hours_workers": 0.0, "ltifr_assurance_status": "None", "gross_wages_paid_to_women_pct_total_wages": 5.0, "gross_wages_women_assurance_status": "None", "complaints_received_total": 303, "complaints_received_per_inr_cr_revenue": 0.0955, "complaints_assurance_status": "None", "input_material_from_msme_smaller_producers_pct": 27.39, "input_material_sourced_within_india_pct": 95.46 }, "cement_sector_specific": { "cement_production_total_mt": null, "clinker_production_total_mt": null, "calculated_clinker_factor_pct": 67.2, "clinker_factor_source": "disclosed (page 159)", "blended_cement_share_of_sales_pct": 89.0, "thermal_substitution_rate_pct": 12.6, "thermal_substitution_rate_target_pct": 4.0, "thermal_substitution_rate_source_page": "131", "alternative_fuel_types_used": [ "RDF (waste-derived fuels)", "biomass", "industrial waste", "municipal waste" ], "whrs_capacity_mw": 24.3, "whrs_new_capacity_added_fy2425_mw": 12.0, "whrs_existing_capacity_pre_fy2425_mw": 12.3, "captive_renewable_energy_capacity_mw": null, "renewable_ppa_capacity_mw": null, "rec_purchases_mwh": null, "low_carbon_cement_product_share_pct": 89.0, "low_carbon_cement_product_examples": [ "blended cement (PPC / PSC with fly ash and slag)" ], "carbon_capture_pilots_status": "None", "ccs_capacity_planned_tco2_per_year": null, "fly_ash_utilisation_t": null, "slag_utilisation_t": null, "clinker_replaced_by_fly_ash_slag_pct": 27.0, "chemical_gypsum_pct_total_gypsum": 89.0, "cbam_transitional_declaration_filed": null, "cbam_in_scope_exports_to_eu_tonnes": null, "afr_processing_unit_operationalized_fy2425": true, "green_energy_target_2027_pct": 15.0, "green_energy_actual_fy2425_pct": 15.41, "mines_4_star_rating_status": "Khub Mines 4-star FY 2023-24; inspection for FY 2024-25 completed Oct 2024" }, "governance_disclosure": { "board_size_section_a_q21": 15, "independent_directors_count": 8, "non_executive_directors_count": 2, "women_directors_count": 2, "women_directors_share_pct": 13.33, "kmp_count": 2, "esg_committee_exists": true, "esg_committee_name": "Risk Management Committee (Board level)", "esg_committee_chair_independent": null, "esg_committee_review_frequency": "Annual", "ceo_kmp_remuneration_to_median_employee_ratio": null, "kmp_median_remuneration_inr_lakh": 198.0, "anti_corruption_policy_published": true, "human_rights_policy_published": true, "supplier_code_of_conduct_published": true, "whistleblower_policy_published": true, "directors_disciplinary_actions": 0, "conflict_of_interest_complaints": 0, "penalty_p1_governance_received": false, "compounding_fee_paid_inr_lakh": 10.0, "compounding_fee_principle": "P6", "anti_competitive_proceedings_pending": "CCI cartelization case quashed by Guwahati HC 30.08.2024; CCI Writ Appeals pending" }, "assurance": { "brsr_core_assurance_required_fy_2425": false, "brsr_core_assurance_required_note": "Star Cement BRSR Section A Q14 explicitly states 'Not Applicable' for assurance provider and type — likely not in Top 250 by market cap as on 31 Mar 2024.", "brsr_core_assurance_obtained_fy_2425": false, "brsr_core_assurance_provider": null, "brsr_core_assurance_level": null, "brsr_core_assurance_standard_followed": null, "full_brsr_voluntary_assurance_obtained": false, "full_brsr_voluntary_assurance_provider": null, "full_brsr_voluntary_assurance_level": null, "ghg_specific_assurance_separate": false, "ghg_specific_assurance_provider": null, "ghg_specific_assurance_standard": null, "external_environmental_assurance_disclosed": false }, "voluntary_frameworks": { "gri_report_published_fy_2425": false, "gri_standards_version_used": null, "ifrs_s1_voluntary_disclosure": false, "ifrs_s2_voluntary_disclosure": false, "tcfd_disclosure_published": false, "cdp_climate_response_filed": null, "cdp_water_response_filed": null, "cdp_climate_score_disclosed": null, "sbti_validated_target": false, "sbti_validation_date": null, "sbti_near_term_target_year": null, "sbti_long_term_target_year": null, "net_zero_target_year": null, "transition_plan_published": false, "transition_plan_disclosure_framework": null, "iso_certifications": [ "ISO 9001", "IS 269:2015", "IS 1489 (Part-1):2015", "ISO 14001", "ISO 45001", "SA 8000" ], "csr_recognition": "Best CSR Performer 2024 - 2nd North-East CSR Forum" }, "qc_metadata": { "scraped_by": "Claude (Opus 4.7) automated extraction", "scraped_date": "2026-05-27", "fields_extracted": 170, "fields_disclosed_by_company": 145, "fields_calculated": 8, "fields_not_disclosed": 25, "disclosure_completeness_pct": 82.0, "calculated_disclosure_quality_score_aggregate": 2.3, "dqs_notes": "DQS=2 (quantitative only, no external assurance) for Principle 6 energy/GHG/water/waste/emissions. DQS=0 for Scope 3 (deferred). DQS=1 (qualitative only) for several leadership indicators. No external assurance on any environmental or social KPI.", "cross_validation_status": "pass", "cross_validation_log_ref": "qc-log.md#STARCEMENT-2425", "restatement_detected": true, "restatement_log_ref": "FY 2023-24 figures restated for energy/water/waste/Scope 1+2/PPP intensities due to (a) more robust data monitoring system and (b) SEBI BRSR circular dated 20-Dec-2024 changing PPP methodology", "manual_review_completed": true, "manual_review_date": "2026-05-28", "manual_reviewer": "Ravi (PDF audit) + Claude", "source_completeness": "FULL BRSR (3,187 lines text; pages 117-165 of Annual Report) — not just intimation letter. Section A through Section C Principle 9 all present and parseable.", "identity_corrections": [ { "field": "cin", "task_spec_value": "L26942ML2001PLC006411", "brsr_disclosed_value": "L26942ML2001PLC006663", "action": "Used BRSR-disclosed CIN. Task spec CIN appears incorrect; cross-check against MCA Master Data required." }, { "field": "calculated_total_workforce", "task_context_estimate": "~3,860", "brsr_disclosed_value": "4,381 (employees 1,970 + workers 2,411)", "action": "BRSR-disclosed totals used; parser estimate was an undercount." }, { "field": "calculated_female_workforce_share_pct", "task_context_estimate": "5.8% (parser; 'highest in 14-entity sample')", "brsr_disclosed_calculation": "9.66% (total workforce); 9.85% (permanent workforce); 10% (employees only); 8% (workers only)", "action": "Parser claim of 5.8% female share is INCORRECT. The 5% number disclosed in the BRSR is gross WAGES paid to females as % of total wages (P5 Q3b), not headcount share. Actual female workforce share ~9.7% — not the highest in sample. Anchor article context block needs revision." }, { "field": "scope_1_tco2e", "task_context_estimate": "~2.63 Mt", "brsr_disclosed_value": "2,633,230 tCO2e (2.633 Mt)", "action": "Match confirmed." }, { "field": "scope_2_tco2e", "task_context_estimate": "~111k", "brsr_disclosed_value": "111,400 tCO2e", "action": "Match confirmed." }, { "field": "whrs_capacity_mw", "task_context": "12 MW WHRS commissioned FY 2024-25", "brsr_disclosed": "12 MW new added + 12.3 MW pre-existing = 24.3 MW total at Lumshnong", "action": "Updated total to 24.3 MW; new addition 12 MW confirmed." } ], "manual_review_questions": [ "Q1 (Assurance applicability): BRSR Q14 states 'Not Applicable' but SEBI BRSR Core Top-250 list for FY 2024-25 needs cross-check against Star Cement's 31-Mar-2024 market cap to confirm it was indeed outside the assurance-mandated bucket.", "Q2 (Board composition inconsistency): Section A Q21 reports 15 BoD (with 2 women, 13.33%); Section C Principle 5 remuneration table shows '8 Independent Directors + 2 Non-Executive Directors = 10 BoD'. This is a ~5-director discrepancy. Likely difference between statutory directors and remunerated/in-office directors. Needs clarification.", "Q3 (Promoter group label): Task spec uses 'Cementho Group (Sajjan Bhajanka family)'. BRSR confirms Sajjan Bhajanka as Chairman & MD but does not name 'Cementho Group'. Sajjan Bhajanka is the co-founder of Century Plyboards; the promoter group is more commonly referenced as the Bhajanka/Agarwal group. Recommend verifying against Q3 FY25 shareholding pattern.", "Q4 (Water intensity sanity): 0.27 kL/MT cementitious material is unusually low for the cement sector (peer median ~0.30-0.50). Operations in high-rainfall Meghalaya with significant rainwater harvesting (449,383 kL = 35.5% of total withdrawal) plus ZLD reuse explain the low number, but worth a calibration cross-check against WBCSD CSI / GCCA benchmarks." ], "key_data_quality_notes": [ "No external assurance on any environmental or social KPI", "Scope 3 emissions explicitly deferred to future years", "Cement / clinker production volumes not disclosed in absolute MT — only intensity per cementitious material", "Revenue derived from Section A CSR disclosure: Turnover H3,17,396.13 lakhs = INR 3,173.96 cr; Net worth H2,87,894.21 lakhs = INR 2,878.94 cr", "FY 2024-25 LTIFR = 0 (no LTI / TRI / fatalities) — vs FY 2023-24 had 0.16 employee LTIFR + 1 worker fatality", "Day care facility coverage = 0% (no day-care provided)", "Compounding fee INR 10 lakhs paid for MCDR 2017 Rule 11(1) contravention (Principle 6 penalty)", "CCI cartelization Writ Appeals pending before Guwahati HC Division Bench despite August 2024 quashing of original CCI order", "Two new WoS subsidiaries incorporated FY 2024-25: Ri Pnar Cement Pvt Ltd (Sep 2024) and Kopili Cement (I) Pvt Ltd (Sep 2024)", "TSR target of 4% has been over-achieved at 12.6% — flag as positive disclosure-quality signal (target stretching)" ], "notes": "Source is the FULL standalone BRSR PDF (cover letter + 49 pages of BRSR content). 82% completeness achieved. Key gaps: cement/clinker production absolute volumes, market cap, Scope 3, captive renewable MW breakdown, fly-ash/slag absolute tonnes, and any voluntary framework filings (CDP/SBTi/GRI all absent). Recommend manual review on CIN, board composition inconsistency, and promoter group label before publication.", "notes_audit_2026_05_28": { "audit_date": "2026-05-28", "auditor": "Ravi + Claude — direct PDF read, full BRSR pp 116-166 (51-page standalone BRSR PDF)", "source_pdf": "/Users/ravi/Downloads/star-BRSR-2024-25.pdf (51 pp, 2.7 MB) — Star Cement Limited FY 2024-25 BRSR", "company_identifiers": { "name": "Star Cement Limited", "cin": "L26942ML2001PLC006663 (incorporated 2 November 2001, Meghalaya)", "paid_up_capital_inr": 404180417, "brsr_contact": "Mr. Debabrata Thakurta, Company Secretary (debabrata.thakurta@starcement.co.in)", "highest_authority_brsr_oversight": "Mr. Sajjan Bhajanka, Chairman & Managing Director (DIN 00246043)", "brsr_oversight_committee": "Risk Management Committee — Sanjay Agarwal (MD), Nirmalya Bhattacharyya (ID), Vivek Chawla (ID)" }, "assurance": { "type": "NONE — Q14/Q15 explicitly 'Not Applicable'; every BRSR P6 essential indicator carries 'External assurance: No'", "no_assurance_club": "4th confirmed entity (with Birla Corporation, India Cements, Ramco Cements) of 13 with zero external BRSR assurance", "external_evaluation_of_policies_q11": "NO — internal audits only", "reporting_boundary": "CONSOLIDATED — includes 6 subsidiaries (Star Cement Meghalaya 100%, Star Cement North East 60%, Star Smart Building Solutions 51%, Ri Pnar Cement 100% incorporated 5 Sep 2024, Kopili Cement 100% incorporated 17 Sep 2024, Star Century Global Cement 100%)" }, "section_a_unique_findings": { "national_locations": "7 plants + 15 offices = 22 national locations across 10 states (Assam, AP, Bihar, Manipur, Meghalaya, Mizoram, Nagaland, Sikkim, Tripura, WB) — predominantly North-East cement footprint", "international_offices": "1 international office", "exports_pct": 0.17, "plants_list": "SCL Lumshnong + SCL Guwahati + SCL Siliguri + SCML Meghalaya (3 plants) + SCNEL Assam", "revenue_mix": "Cement & Clinker 99% turnover (NIC 23941)", "workforce": { "total_employees": 1970, "permanent_employees": 1449, "otpe_employees": 521, "total_workers": 2411, "permanent_workers": 825, "otpe_workers": 1586, "female_employees_pct": 10, "female_workers_pct": 8 }, "differently_abled": "0 employees and 0 workers under differently-abled category — explicitly stated 'SCL doesn't have any employees and workers under differently abled category'", "board_diversity": "BoD 15 with 2 Female = 13.33%; KMP 2 with 0 Female", "attrition_permanent_employees_pct": 19, "attrition_permanent_workers_pct": 2, "subsidiaries_brsr_participation": "Subsidiaries DO NOT participate in BRSR initiatives — 'No, however the Company encourages its subsidiaries to participate in business responsibility initiatives'", "standalone_financials": "Turnover ₹3,17,396.13 lakhs (₹3,174 cr); Net Worth ₹2,87,894.21 lakhs", "complaints": "Customer 303 (down from 2,113 prior — -86% major improvement); Shareholders 0 (vs 1 prior); Others NIL" }, "section_a_item_26_materiality": { "material_issues_count": 16, "note": "16 material issues — MOST COMPREHENSIVE materiality table in the 14-entity audited sample (vs Sagar 6, Ramco 8, JK Lakshmi 12)", "material_issues": [ "Climate change and GHG emissions (Risk -)", "Waste management & circular economy (Opportunity +)", "Biodiversity (Risk -)", "Water management (Opportunity +)", "Air emission (Risk -) — CEMS + CAAQMS deployed", "Product stewardship (Opportunity +)", "Employee wellbeing (Opportunity +)", "Community wellbeing (Opportunity +)", "Customer centricity (Opportunity +)", "Diversity & inclusion (Opportunity +)", "Human rights (Risk -) — SA 8000 certification for mines referenced", "Occupational health and safety (Risk -)", "Corporate Governance & Business Ethics (Opportunity +)", "Sustainable supply chain (Opportunity +)", "IT & cyber security (Risk -)", "Economic performance (Opportunity +)" ], "materiality_revisited_note": "In FY 2024-25, the Company revisited its material topics through a structured and consultative process", "net_zero_target_year": "References India's net zero 2070 commitment under P6 Leadership Q4 — Star aligned to national target, no individual entity target stated" }, "section_b_governance": { "all_principles_yes": "P1-P9 all 'Yes' on policy + Board approval + procedures translation + value chain extension (uniform 'Yes' across all 9 principles)", "iso_certifications_mapped_to_ngrbc": { "p2": "ISO 9001 + IS 269:2015 + IS 1489 (Part-1):2015", "p3": "ISO 45001 — OHSMS implemented across all manufacturing locations", "p6": "ISO 14001", "p8": "SA 8000 — UNIQUE: SA 8000 mapped to P8 (inclusive growth) for mine certification" }, "sa_8000_mine_certification": "UNIQUE in audited sample — Star Cement is the ONLY entity to disclose SA 8000 certification covering mining operations specifically (Universal Declaration of Human Rights, ILO conventions, national laws, child + forced labour, H&S, non-discrimination, freedom of association, fair working hours and wages)", "specific_targets_disclosed": { "green_energy_15pct_by_2027": "Achieved 15.41% — TARGET MET AHEAD OF SCHEDULE (P6)", "water_positive_2x": "Currently 1.47x (in progress)", "all_mines_4star_rating": "Khub Mines got 4-star FY 2023-24; FY 2024-25 inspection completed Oct 2024 (pending result)", "tsr_4pct": "Achieved 12.6% — target exceeded 3x (suggesting low target-setting)", "women_12pct_total_workforce": "Currently 10% in permanent employees and workers — IN PROGRESS" } }, "section_c_p1_governance_ethics": { "ngrbc_training_coverage_pct": "100% across BoD + KMP + Employees + Workers (1 programme each — minimal but covered) — vs Sagar 0% for BoD/KMP — strong contrast", "unique_fine_disclosed": { "amount_inr_lakhs": 10, "regulator": "Regional Controller of Mines, Indian Bureau of Mines (IBM), Guwahati", "ngrbc_principle": "P6", "nature": "Compounding fee paid by Director for Contravention of Rule 11(1) of MCDR 2017 (Mineral Conservation and Development Rules)", "appeal": "No — case disposed", "note": "RARE BRSR disclosure of director-level compounding fee under mining regulations" }, "directors_kmp_disciplinary": "NIL both years", "conflict_of_interest_complaints": "NIL both years", "ap_days_improving": "35 days FY 2024-25 (improved from 43) — among shortest in audited sample", "purchases_top10_share_pct": "82% (up from 73%) — concentration risk increasing", "sales_top10_share_pct": "13% (flat) — DIVERSE dealer base (1,832 dealers)", "rpt_share_purchases_pct": "2.78% (vs 2%) — minor uptick", "rpt_share_others": "NIL on Sales / Loans & Advances / Investments — clean RPT profile", "value_chain_awareness_pct_business": "100% — strong" }, "section_c_p2_sustainable_products": { "rd_capex": { "rd_pct": "NIL", "capex_pct_env_social": 23, "capex_pct_prior": 9, "details": "WHRS, AFR, fly ash shed extension, online ambient air quality monitoring system rainwater harvesting, first-aid room" }, "sustainable_sourcing_procedures": "NO — Company currently working on establishing supplier ESG-evaluation procedures (gap acknowledged)", "epr_plan_submitted": true, "lca_disclosure": "NOT YET CONDUCTED — 'The Company is yet to conduct life cycle assessment of its products' (disclosure-quality gap)", "recycled_input_pct_clinker_replaced_fly_ash_slag": { "fy24_25": 27, "fy23_24": 28.59, "note": "Slight decline" }, "chemical_gypsum_proportion_pct": { "fy24_25": 89, "fy23_24": 87 }, "plastic_reclaimed_packaging_pct": 100, "plastic_recycled_mt": 2488.13, "plastic_safely_disposed_mt": 5762.4 }, "section_c_p3_safety_wellbeing": { "wellbeing_spend_pct_revenue": { "fy24_25": 0.08, "fy23_24": 0.07, "note": "TIED with Shree Cement (0.08%) as LOWEST in audited 13-entity sample" }, "permanent_employees_benefits": { "health_insurance_pct": 100, "accident_insurance_pct": 100, "maternity_benefits_pct_female": 100, "paternity_benefits_pct": 0, "day_care_facilities_pct": 0 }, "permanent_workers_benefits": { "health_insurance_pct": 100, "accident_insurance_pct": 100, "maternity_benefits_pct_female": 100, "paternity_benefits_pct": 0, "day_care_facilities_pct": 0 }, "otpe_workers_benefits": "1,586 OTPE workers: Health 100% + Accident 100% + Maternity 100% females + Paternity 0% + Day care 0%", "retirement_benefits": "PF + Gratuity 100% all categories; ESI 3% Employees + 100% Workers; NPS 14% Employees only", "parental_leave_taken_fy24_25": "No employees or workers took parental leave (similar to Sagar)", "union_membership_pct": "0% across all categories — Note: 'no employees and workers are part of associations or unions'", "training_collapse_yoy": { "h_s_employees_pct": "60% FY24-25 vs 85% prior — DOWN 25pp", "skill_employees_pct": "60% FY24-25 vs 85% prior — DOWN 25pp", "h_s_workers_pct": "60% FY24-25 vs 90% prior — DOWN 30pp", "skill_workers_pct": "60% FY24-25 vs 90% prior — DOWN 30pp", "note": "Training coverage collapsed 25-30pp across all categories without methodology footnote — material reporting gap" }, "performance_reviews_pct": "100% all categories — strong", "safety_incidents_fy24_25_q11": { "ltifr_employees": "Nil (vs 0.16 prior)", "ltifr_workers": "Nil (vs Nil prior)", "total_injuries_employees": "Nil (vs 1 prior)", "total_injuries_workers": "Nil", "fatalities_employees": "Nil", "fatalities_workers": "Nil (vs 1 worker fatality prior)", "high_consequence_employees_workers": "Nil", "note": "ALL ZEROS FY 2024-25 — joins JKLC, Orient, JK Cement clean-safety FY24-25 club" }, "disclosure_inconsistency_q11_vs_q15": "Q11 table reports ALL NILs (no incidents) but Q15 corrective action describes ONE safety-related incident — 'burn injury sustained by a contract worker' — internal inconsistency", "plant_assessments_h_and_s_pct": "100% (entity / statutory / third parties) — strong assessment coverage", "value_chain_assessment_h_and_s": "NIL — Company does not undertake H&S assessment of value chain partners", "transition_assistance_program": "Yes — employment opportunity to retired employees on fixed-term basis" }, "section_c_p4_stakeholders": { "stakeholder_groups": [ "Customers", "Investors", "Employees", "Communities", "Government/Regulatory", "Vendors/Suppliers", "Dealers" ], "vulnerable_marginalised_flagged": [ "Communities — Yes" ], "engagement_frequency": "Daily for Customers + Employees + Communities + Vendors + Dealers; Quarterly Investors; Need-basis Government" }, "section_c_p5_human_rights": { "hr_training_pct": "100% across all categories (Permanent Employees + OTPE + Permanent Workers + OTPE Workers) — STRONG vs Sagar 0%", "min_wage_compliance": "100% above minimum across all categories", "median_pay_breakdown": { "bod_male_inr": 695000, "bod_female_inr": 275000, "kmp_male_inr": 19800000, "kmp_female_inr": 0, "employee_male_inr": 701340, "employee_female_inr": 392820, "worker_male_inr": 326832, "worker_female_inr": 229512, "note": "Male premium ~80% Employees + ~42% Workers + ~153% BoD — wide gender pay gap" }, "female_wages_pct_of_total": { "fy24_25": 5, "fy23_24": 5 }, "posh_complaints_both_years": 0, "posh_nil_both_years_club": "JOINS Shree + JK Cement + Birla + JKLC + India Cements + Orient + Sagar — 8th entity (of 13) with NIL POSH both years", "discrimination_child_forced_labour_complaints": "NIL all categories both years", "plant_assessments_hr_pct": "100% across child labour + forced labour + sexual harassment + discrimination + wages — strong", "value_chain_assessment_hr": "NIL — Company does not undertake HR assessment of value chain partners", "human_rights_due_diligence": "SA 8000 certification of mining operations — UNIQUE due diligence framework in audited sample" }, "section_c_p6_environment": { "energy_renewable_tj": { "fy24_25": 1896, "fy23_24": 1191, "note": "+59% YoY — strong increase" }, "energy_total_tj": { "fy24_25": 12308, "fy23_24": 11701 }, "energy_intensity_per_mn_revenue_tj_per_lakhs": 0.039, "ppp_intensity_disclosed": true, "energy_ppp_tj_per_lakhs": 0.801, "energy_intensity_physical_tj_per_mt_cementitious": 0.003, "ppp_compliance_note": "Star DOES disclose PPP intensity across energy/water/GHG/waste — JOINS JK Lakshmi as 2nd audited entity with substantial SEBI 20 Dec 2024 ISF compliance (vs Sagar's NIL PPP)", "pat_scheme_compliance": "Yes — targets achieved (qualitative disclosure; no per-plant data unlike Sagar/JKLC/ACC)", "water_withdrawal_kl": { "fy24_25": 1265735, "fy23_24": 1631060, "note": "-22% YoY — strong reduction" }, "water_withdrawal_by_source": { "surface_kl": 310313, "groundwater_kl": 506039, "harvested_rainwater_kl": 449383, "third_party_kl": 0 }, "water_intensity_kl_per_lakhs_revenue": 3.99, "water_intensity_ppp_kl_per_lakhs_ppp": 82.39, "water_intensity_l_per_t_cementitious": { "fy24_25": 270, "fy23_24": 380 }, "zld_pct": 100, "water_stress_facilities": "NOT APPLICABLE — Star is NE-India based, high rainfall; joins Birla Corp + Orient + Sagar as entities with no water-stress facilities", "air_emissions": { "nox_t_fy24_25": 998, "nox_t_fy23_24": 2474, "nox_yoy_pct": "-60% improvement", "sox_t_fy24_25": 1560, "sox_t_fy23_24": 3451, "sox_yoy_pct": "-55% improvement", "pm_t_fy24_25": 385, "pm_t_fy23_24": 315, "note": "NOx + SOx both materially improved; PM up slightly — sharpest NOx improvement after JK Lakshmi SOx -84%" }, "scope_1_tco2e": { "fy24_25": 2633230, "fy23_24": 2502369 }, "scope_2_tco2e": { "fy24_25": 111400, "fy23_24": 69847, "note": "Scope 2 +59% YoY (grid electricity rose 351 TJ → 395 TJ as production scaled)" }, "scope_1_2_intensity_per_mt_product": { "fy24_25_tco2e": 0.58, "fy23_24_tco2e": 0.60, "note": "580 kgCO2/MT — among lower-mid in audited sample (vs Nuvoco 462 lowest; Sagar 645 highest)" }, "scope_1_2_intensity_ppp_tco2e_per_lakhs_ppp": 178.65, "ghg_reduction_projects": [ "12 MW Waste Heat Recovery System (WHRS) commissioned at Lumshnong + 12.3 MW existing WHRS capacity = 24.3 MW total WHRS", "AFR Feeding System commissioned for waste-derived fuel (RDF) and biomass co-processing", "Variable Frequency Drives (VFDs) — Mill Reject Bag Filter, Mill Feed Circuits, Fly Ash, Clinker Unloading Bag Filters", "Power Factor improvement 0.9860 → 0.9945 via APFC panels", "RABH RA Fan operational shift to differential pressure mode (-3.5-4 hr daily run-time)", "Inverter-based HVAC 1.5T + 2.0T replacing conventional ACs (~120,000 units/year savings)", "LT capacitor banks reactive power compensation (PF 0.99)" ], "clinker_factor_pct": 67.2, "blended_cement_pct_of_production": 89, "waste_generated_mt": { "fy24_25": 4055.11, "fy23_24": 3263.77, "note": "+24% YoY" }, "waste_recovered_recycled_mt": 2262.92, "waste_disposal_landfilling_mt": 0, "waste_intensity_mt_per_lakhs": 0.01, "waste_intensity_ppp_mt_per_lakhs_ppp": 0.26, "ecologically_sensitive_operations": "NONE", "eia_projects_fy24_25": [ "Daba Saitthad Limestone Deposit 25 Ha — EIA No IA/ML/MIN/500897/2024 dated 8 Feb 2025 — external agency YES + public domain YES via parivesh.nic.in", "Brishyrnot Limestone Deposit-II 65 Ha — EIA No IA/ML/MIN/456863/2023 dated 18 June 2024 — external agency YES + public domain YES via parivesh.nic.in" ], "eia_transparency": "BOTH EIA results communicated publicly via parivesh.nic.in — UNIQUE among recent audits (contrast Sagar's both-No EIA disclosure)", "environmental_law_compliance": "NIL non-compliances disclosed", "scope_3_emissions": "NOT DISCLOSED — 'SCL will explore scope of estimating Scope 3 emissions in future'", "scope_3_nil_club": "6th audited entity (with ACC + Nuvoco + Birla Corp + India Cements + Ramco) of 13 with NIL Scope 3 disclosure", "green_credits": "NIL by entity + value chain partners", "value_chain_environmental_assessment": "NIL", "business_continuity_plan": "Yes — fire, leaks, structural failures, terrorism, natural disasters (earthquakes/floods/cyclones — NE-relevant)" }, "section_c_p7_policy_advocacy_cci_critical": { "trade_associations_count": 4, "trade_associations": [ "Bharat Chamber of Commerce — National", "Cement Manufacturer's Association (CMA) — National", "Indian Chamber of Commerce — National", "Advertising Standards Council of India (ASCI) — National" ], "trade_associations_narrowness": "ONE OF NARROWEST in audited sample (vs JK Cement 12, Dalmia 9, Shree 7); NO GCCA International membership (contrast Sagar + UltraTech + Dalmia + JK Cement which list GCCA)", "cci_exposure_critical_disclosure": { "summary": "Star Cement is the 8th CCI-exposed audited entity — uniquely with a SUCCESSFUL Guwahati HC challenge that QUASHED CCI's penalty order; pending CCI Division Bench appeal", "factual_chronology": [ "DG-CCI issued notice on alleged cement cartelization seeking information", "Star filed application for CCI recall/review of order registering case + investigation", "Information not received within reasonable time → CCI imposed ₹5 lakhs penalty (vintage ~2016-2018)", "Star filed Writ Petition before Guwahati HC challenging both penalty + investigation registration", "Guwahati HC judgment dated 30 August 2024 ALLOWED Star's writ petitions and QUASHED CCI penalty + CCI orders dated 06.12.2016 and 08.08.2018", "CCI filed Writ Appeals before Division Bench of Guwahati HC — PENDING for hearing" ], "penalty_amount_inr_lakhs": 5, "cci_exposure_smallest_in_sample": "₹5 lakhs is the SMALLEST CCI penalty exposure in the audited sample (vs UltraTech ₹1,685.13 cr; Ramco ₹258.63 cr; JK Cement ₹137.82 cr; JK Lakshmi ₹6.55 cr)", "p7_q2_transparency": "Star joins JK Lakshmi + Ramco as the 3rd of only 3 audited entities to DISCLOSE CCI matter directly under BRSR Principle 7 Q2 (8th entity overall with exposure — UltraTech / JK Cement / Nuvoco / India Cements / ACC all report 'NA')", "uniquely_successful_litigation": "Only audited entity to disclose a SUCCESSFUL High Court challenge that quashed CCI orders — distinct litigation stream from the 2012 BAI-CMA case (Ramco) and 19 January 2017 Govt-of-Haryana case (JKLC + others), and the broader 2016 cement-cartel orders (UltraTech / JK Cement)" }, "public_policy_positions_leadership": "NIL — 'The Company has not resorted to any such advocacy for or against any policies' — joins UltraTech / JK Cement / Nuvoco / India Cements / Sagar transparency-gap club" }, "section_c_p8_inclusive_growth": { "sia_assessments": "Not applicable", "r_and_r_ongoing": "Nil", "msme_sourcing_pct": { "fy24_25": 27.39, "fy23_24": 18.47, "note": "+8.92pp YoY — strong improvement" }, "local_indian_sourcing_pct": { "fy24_25": 95.46, "fy23_24": 87.77, "note": "Second-highest in audited sample (after ACC 96.62%); vs Shree Cement anomalous 42.7% low end" }, "rural_wages_pct": "NIL — no rural wage cost despite NE plant footprint (curious disclosure)", "semi_urban_wages_pct": 51, "urban_wages_pct": 9, "metropolitan_wages_pct": 40, "csr_aspirational_district": { "state": "Assam", "district": "Darrang (Pub Mangaldoi Block)", "spend_inr": 600000, "note": "₹6 lakhs token-level (vs Sagar ₹174.38 lakhs Nalgonda)" }, "preferential_procurement_policy_vulnerable": "Yes — Inclusive Growth & Equitable Development policy", "preferential_procurement_from_marginalised_groups_actual": "None disclosed; NA percentage", "csr_beneficiaries_total": "~265,000 (Health 61,850 + Education 18,095 + Livelihood 4,871 + Rural Dev 145,148 + Biodiversity 34,950)", "csr_vulnerable_pct_range": "81-93% across themes — high vulnerable share" }, "section_c_p9_consumer_responsibility": { "product_info_turnover_pct": { "env_social_parameters": 100, "safe_responsible_usage": 100, "recycling_safe_disposal": 100, "note": "100% across all 3 — STRONGEST product-info disclosure in recent audits (Sagar Nil, India Cements limited)" }, "consumer_complaints_fy24_25": "Other category 303 (down from 2,113 prior — -86% major improvement); all other categories (data privacy, advertising, cyber-security, delivery, restrictive trade, unfair trade) Nil", "product_recalls_fy24_25": "Voluntary NIL + Forced NIL", "cybersecurity_policy": "Yes — IT Policy with web link covering access control, passwords, authorization, backup, audits", "data_breaches": "Nil instances + Nil PII involved + Nil impact — properly structured disclosure (vs Sagar 'NA' format gap)", "digital_channels": [ "Star Saathi App (1,800 dealers)", "Star SFA App", "Star Stellar App (2,200 engineers)", "Star-Link App (masons loyalty)", "WhatsApp for Business" ], "consumer_satisfaction_survey": "Yes — NPS (Net Promoter Score) survey", "essential_services_maintenance_act": "Not under ESMA" }, "cross_sample_classification": { "no_external_assurance_club": "4th entity confirmed (with Birla Corp + India Cements + Ramco) of 13 audited — Star Cement Q14/Q15 'Not Applicable'", "cci_exposure_disclosed_in_brsr_p7": "JOINS JK Lakshmi + Ramco as 3rd audited entity (of 13) to disclose CCI matter directly under BRSR P7 Q2 — 8th entity overall with CCI exposure", "cci_smallest_penalty_in_sample": "₹5 lakhs — smallest CCI exposure in audited sample", "cci_unique_litigation_outcome": "ONLY audited entity to disclose successful Guwahati HC quash of CCI order (30 August 2024) — pending Division Bench appeal", "scope_3_nil_club": "6th entity (with ACC + Nuvoco + Birla Corp + India Cements + Ramco)", "posh_nil_both_years_club": "8th entity (with Shree + JK Cement + Birla + JKLC + India Cements + Orient + Sagar)", "all_zero_safety_metrics_fy24_25": "JOINS JKLC + Orient + JK Cement (FY24-25 only — had 1 worker fatality prior FY similar to JKLC pattern)", "ppp_intensity_compliance": "Partial compliance (Energy + Water + GHG + Waste PPP all disclosed) — joins JK Lakshmi as 2nd substantially-compliant entity (vs Sagar's NIL PPP)", "sa_8000_mine_certification_unique": "ONLY audited entity with SA 8000 certification on mining operations", "msme_sourcing_strong": "27.39% — joins Ambuja (23.99%) + ACC (23.25%) + Sagar (18.11%) in MSME-strong cluster", "local_indian_sourcing_2nd_highest": "95.46% — second after ACC 96.62%", "p7_public_policy_advocacy_nil": "JOINS UltraTech / JK Cement / Nuvoco / India Cements / Sagar transparency-gap club", "water_stress_facilities_none": "NE-India geography — joins Birla Corp + Orient + Sagar as 4th entity with no water-stress facilities", "wellbeing_spend_lowest_tied": "0.08% TIED with Shree Cement as LOWEST in audited 13-entity sample", "no_lca": "Star explicitly 'yet to conduct LCA' — joins handful of entities without LCA disclosure", "comprehensive_materiality_table": "16 material issues — MOST COMPREHENSIVE in audited sample" }, "key_concerns_and_signals": [ "NO external BRSR assurance whatsoever — Q14/Q15 'Not Applicable' (4th-confirmed in no-assurance club after Birla Corp + India Cements + Ramco)", "Training coverage collapsed 25-30pp across H&S + Skill for both Employees + Workers (85% → 60% / 90% → 60%) without methodology footnote", "Wellbeing spend 0.08% revenue — tied with Shree as lowest in audited sample", "Q11 vs Q15 internal inconsistency — Q11 reports ALL NIL safety incidents but Q15 corrective action describes 'burn injury sustained by a contract worker'", "Scope 3 NOT disclosed (joins 6-entity NIL Scope 3 club) — CBAM-blind", "LCA not yet conducted — disclosure-quality gap", "Public policy advocacy NIL Leadership disclosure — joins 6-entity transparency-gap club", "Trade associations only 4 (one of narrowest) and NO GCCA International membership — limited industry-policy engagement signature", "₹10 lakhs compounding fee paid to IBM Guwahati under MCDR Rule 11(1) for Director — rare director-level mining-regulation fine disclosure", "Median pay gender gap wide — Male premium ~80% Employees + ~42% Workers + ~153% BoD; Female wages only 5% of total (flat YoY)", "Subsidiaries explicitly NOT participating in BRSR initiatives — 'No' to Q23 — gap in cascading BRSR governance", "0 differently-abled employees + 0 workers — explicit zero disclosure", "0% union membership across all categories — no recognised employee/worker associations", "Concentration: top-10 trading houses share rose to 82% (from 73%) — supplier concentration risk increasing", "Sagar / Star NE-India captive geography means CBAM exposure is structurally low — geographic insulation from EU mandate" ], "key_strengths": [ "**SUCCESSFUL Guwahati HC challenge to CCI ₹5L penalty** — quashed 30 August 2024 (only entity in sample with HC-quash outcome on CCI matter)", "BRSR Principle 7 Q2 disclosure of CCI matter (joins JK Lakshmi + Ramco as 3rd transparent CCI discloser of 13)", "Renewable energy nearly doubled YoY (1,191 → 1,896 TJ; +59%) and renewable electricity 264 TJ + fuel 1,632 TJ (biomass-led)", "12 MW WHRS commissioned at Lumshnong + 12.3 MW existing = 24.3 MW total WHRS", "Green energy target 15% by 2027 — ACHIEVED 15.41% AHEAD of schedule", "TSR 12.6% (vs 4% target — over-achieved) on biomass + RDF co-processing", "NOx -60% YoY (2,474 → 998 t) + SOx -55% YoY (3,451 → 1,560 t) — major air quality improvements", "ZLD 100% across operational footprint", "Scope 1+2 intensity 580 kgCO2/MT (improving from 600 — sample mid-range)", "PAT scheme compliance achieved (qualitative)", "PPP-adjusted intensity DISCLOSED across Energy + Water + GHG + Waste — joins JK Lakshmi as 2nd substantially-compliant entity (vs Sagar's NIL PPP)", "Two EIA projects (Daba Saitthad + Brishyrnot Limestone Deposit-II) with BOTH external agency + public domain communication via parivesh.nic.in", "**SA 8000 certification of mining operations** — UNIQUE in audited sample for HR due diligence", "Human Rights training 100% across all categories (vs Sagar 0%)", "P5 plant assessments 100% (child labour + forced + POSH + discrimination + wages)", "ALL-NIL safety incidents FY 2024-25 (LTIFR, injuries, fatalities, high-consequence all zero) — joins JKLC + Orient + JK Cement clean FY24-25", "MSME sourcing 27.39% (up from 18.47%) — strong inclusion improvement", "Local Indian sourcing 95.46% — 2nd highest in sample after ACC", "Product info turnover 100% across env/social + safe usage + recycling/disposal — strongest in recent audits", "Customer complaints -86% YoY (2,113 → 303) — major improvement", "Materiality table 16 issues — MOST COMPREHENSIVE in audited sample with structured FY24-25 revisit", "Net Carbon Zero alignment to India's 2070 commitment", "CSR scale ~265,000 beneficiaries across 5 themes with 81-93% vulnerable share", "5 digital channels (Star Saathi/SFA/Stellar/Link + WhatsApp) for customer + dealer + mason engagement", "Risk Management Committee chairs BRSR oversight (3 directors including 2 IDs) — adequate Board engagement", "FY24-25 customer complaints fall 86% on 303 base" ], "audit_completeness": { "section_a_pages_audited": "BRSR pp 117-130 (printed) — Section A I-VII + item 26 Materiality table with 16 issues", "section_b_pages_audited": "pp 131-133 (printed)", "section_c_pages_audited": "pp 134-166 (printed) — P1 through P9 essential + leadership", "audit_method": "Single batch reads (3-5 pp), no skip — full BRSR + materiality covered" } }, "cross_validation_completed_date": "2026-05-28" } }